Friday, January 24, 2020
Dyslexia :: essays research papers
The discovery of Dyslexia which is a difficulty in reading and visual centers in the brain comes from the Greek word meaning â€Å"poor with words,†â€Å"poor reading,†or â€Å"a disturbance of the ability to read.†Dyslexia can easily be treated with many programs that are out there today. A study was done at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington says that people with dyslexia have a lower level of activity in the brains left inferior parietal. This area is important but in reading and in processing visual images. They have found that the right inferior parietal can be taught to compensate for the weakness in the left side of the brain. But this includes doing intense program of reading training.      Most children are diagnosed after they have started reading. They struggle to hear, analyze and separate the individual phonemes in words. If two or more of these symptoms are in the family tree then you should have your child assessed for around the age of 5-5  ½ :  · Delayed speech  · Mixing up sounds in multi-syllabic words  ·Inability to rhyme at age 4  ·Lots of allergies stronger and more severe reactions to childhood illnesses than most other kids.  · Can’t master tying shoes  · Confusion over versus right, over versus, before versus, after, and other directionally words and concepts  · Lack of dominant handedness  · Inability to correctly complete phonemic awareness tasks  · Difficulty learning the names of the letters or sounds in the alphabet; difficulty writing the alphabet in order      Although people with Dyslexia have a unique brain structure and â€Å"unusual writing†make reading, writing, and spelling difficult, most people with dyslexia have gifts that are controlled by the right side of the brain. These kinds of people are also often gifted in the area of math. Because of their three-dimensional visualization skills it helps them to see math concepts more quickly and clearly than people that are non-dyslexic. They are also gifted in:  ·Ã‚     Artistic Skill  ·Ã‚     Athletic ability  ·Ã‚     Musical ability  ·Ã‚     3-D visual spatial skills  ·Ã‚     mechanical skill  ·Ã‚     vivid imagination  ·Ã‚     athletic ability  ·Ã‚     math conception skills  ·Ã‚     creative, global thinking  ·Ã‚     curiosity tenacity So overall people that have Dyslexia lead very normal lives. There is no real cause for dyslexia. It is hard to say if it was inherited or not inherited. Even if your child has dyslexia she or he may never show any signs of it. Researchers believe that reading disabilities are about half due to heredity and half due to other factors (environment, individual experiences, education, upbringing, etc.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Philippine Literature
A Brief History of Philippine Literature in English I. Pre-Colonial Period –         Consisted of early Filipino literature passed down orally; oral pieces have a communal authorship – it was difficult to trace the original author of the piece since oral literature did not focus on ownership or copyright, rather on the act of storytelling itself; –         Many oral pieces became lost in the wave of the new literary influence brought about by the Spanish colonization; however, according to the Philippine Literature: A History & Anthology, English Edition (Lumbera, B. amp; Lumbera C. ), the pre-colonial period of Philippine literature is considered the longest in the country’s history; –         Literature in this period is based on tradition, reflecting daily life activities such as housework, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking care of the children as well; –  Oral pieces told stories which explained heroes and their adventures; they attempted to explain certain natural phenomena, and, at the same time, served as entertainment purposes;          Pre-colonial literature showed certain elements that linked the Filipino culture to other Southeast Asian countries (e. g. oral pieces which were performed through a tribal dance have certain similarities to the Malay dance); –         This period in Philippine literature history represented the ethos of the people before the arrival of a huge cultural influence – literature as a cultural tradition, than a form of art that had a particular set of decorum.  ·Ã‚         Early Forms of Philippine Literature:   Bugtong (riddles; a bugtong contains a metaphor called,Talinghaga), Salawikain (proverb);                o  Pre-colonial poetry – Tanaga (expresses a view or a value of the world), Ambahan (songs about childhood, human relationships, hospitality; sung by the Mangyan), Duplo (verbal jousts/games), Bayok (thoughts about love), Balagtasan (performed on stage);                    o  Epic poetry – romantic heroes and heroines that are a reflection of the world as perceived by the early Filipinos.  ·Ã‚         Notable Works of the Pre-colonial Period:                o    Tuwaang, Lam-ang, Hinilawod, BantuganII. Spanish Colonial Period (Mid-16th – late 19th century) –         The Spanish culture, as reflected in the works of this literature period, showed a clash with the pre-colonial Filipino literature in the beginning. However, due to the length of stay of the colonizers, the Spanis h culture was eventually imbued in the Filipino literature of the period; –         Religion became an important theme that had influenced the early Filipino writings which had the presence of paganism – â€Å"Christian Folk-Tale†;          In addition, the influence of religion, besides on the daily life of the natives, was lead by the friar/missionary/parish priest who were appointed by the Spanish government; –         Despite the goal of the Spanish government to turn the country into a full-fledged European colony, the Spanish influence ironically inspired a reformation from the natives, which eventually turned into a revolution; –         Yet regardless of the conflicts that plagued the relationship between the Spaniards and the Filipinos, a sense of nationalism was formed among the oppressed, and had caused them to rise up to a nat ionalistic cause; The essay genre was recognized amidst the scene of editorial protest – Jose Rizal and Plaridel (Marcelo H. Del Pilar) were among those who opt in using the pen in voicing out the people’s cry instead of the sword; –         Introduction of the roman alphabet that gradually replaced the ‘alibata’; –         The Filipino literature of this period became the predecessor of many more literary works to come in the ages, wherein the theme of nationalism and freedom of speech would be evident.  ·Ã‚        Philippine Literature and Art during the Spanish Period:   Pasyon and Sinakulo (religious dramas performed during the Holy Week);                o  Narrative Poems – Awit; Corrido;                o  Komedya – a theat rical performance which captured the ideal European lifestyle as portrayed by medieval characters  ·Ã‚          Notable Works of the Spanish Period: o  Doctrina Christiana (1593) – the first book ever published in the Philippines; printed by the Dominican Press;           o  May Bagyo Mat’ May Rilim – according to literary historian, Bienvenido Lumbera, is the first printed literary work in Tagalog;             o  Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong P.Natin na Tola (1704) – eventually referred to as â€Å"Pasyon,†was written by Gaspar Aquino de Belen; an example of Christian folk epic in which the passion of Jesus Christ was written in relation with the plight of the Filipino people who were oppressed by the colonizers, as well as the values of a Filipino;             o  Ninay (1885 ) – first Filipino novel written; Pedro Paterno;             o  Florante at Laura – Francisco â€Å"Balagtas†Baltazar; though there are symbols and themes which dictate the protest of the Filipino against the Spanish regime, it is uncertain as to whether or not Balagtas had intended the issue – which was subtly derived from his work – since he left no notes or additional pieces hat may affirm the conclusion;             o  Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) – Jose Rizal; works which created an impact on the national consciousness and love for one’s country against the abusive government of the Spaniards;              o  La Solidaridad – Propagandist newspaper. III. American Colonial Period (Late 19th – Mid-20th century) –         Th e gradual decline of the Philippine literature written in Spanish; –         The English language eventually became the medium of writing and instruction in schools; –         As the Spanish colonizers left the country in accordance with the Treaty of Paris, the spirit of nationalism and the desire to be acknowledged of independence did not disappear just yet. Instead, these uniting forces geared into revolting against the new colonizers; –         During the American colonization period, Philippine literature reflected the ethos of its people under a new role.However, these day-to-day experiences under a new foreign influence, as well as sentiments, were expressed through the English language; –         The Spanish ‘sarsuwela’ was eventually replaced by the ‘drama’; –         One majo r influence of the American occupation on the Filipino literature is its refining in the context of the content and the form. Furthermore, because of this broadened knowledge on the field of literature through the education provided by the American government, Philippine literature has become more than a tradition formed by culture. It has become an art which succeeding poets, fictionists, and playwrights continue to build upon and enrich in every generation; –         Beginning with Rizal’s use of social realism as one of the major hemes for his two major novels, the literature during the American colonization also became an involvement, not just reflecting the Filipino experience – a strengthened sense of nationalism deeply rooted in the Filipino pride and culture; –   Unlike in the Spanish colonization period wherein female writers (e. g. Gregoria de Jesus) were overshadowed by their more dominant, male contemporar ies – as a result of the education only being provided to a selected and privileged few –  during the American occupation, women have had their opportunity to enhance their talent by being educated on the craft. In addition, the growing popularity of works written by Filipina writers is the result of the growing audience appreciating literature by females.         Philippine Literature and Art during the American Period:                     o  Short Story o  Poetry in English                     o  Free Verse in Poetry                     o  Drama  ·Ã‚        Notable Works of the American Period: o   Mga Agos sa Disyerto (1964) – Efren R. Abueg, Edgardo M. Reyes, Eduardo Bautista Reyes, Rogeli o L. Ordonez and Rogelio R. Sikat; this short story anthology brought fiction into the age of modernism;                 o  Ako ang Daigdig (1940) – Alejandro G. Abadilla; free verse poem;                 o  Sa Dakong Silangan – Jose Corazon de Jesus; a poem written in the vernacular http://lourdesbraceros. weebly. com/a-brief-history-of-philippine-literature-in-english. html Philippine Literature Literature (from Latin litterae (plural); letter) is the art of written work and can, in some circumstances, refer exclusively to published sources. The wordliterature literally means â€Å"things made from letters†and the pars pro toto term â€Å"letters† is sometimes used to signify â€Å"literature,†as in the figures of speech†arts and letters†and â€Å"man of letters. †Literature is commonly classified as having two major formsâ€â€fiction and non-fictionâ€â€and two major techniquesâ€â€poetry and prose.Literature may consist of texts based on factual information (journalistic or non-fiction), as well as on original imagination, such as polemical works as well asautobiography, and reflective essays as well as belles-lettres. Literature can be classified according to historical periods, genres, and political influences. The concept of genre, which earlier was limited, has broadened over the centuries. A genre consists of artistic works which fall within a certain central theme, and examples of genre include romance, mystery, crime, fantasy, erotica, and adventure, among others.Important historical periods in English literature includeOld English, Middle English, the Renaissance, the 17th Century Shakespearean and Elizabethan times, the 18th Century Restoration, 19th Century Victorian, and 20th Century Modernism. Important political movements that have influenced literature include feminism, post-colonialism, psychoanalysis, post-structuralism, post-modernism, romanticism, and Marxism. Literature's three main divisions When most people speak of literature they may be talking about short stories, novels, poems, verse, odes, plays, tragedies, even limericks.This wide variety of terms describing types of literature, at first, appears overwhelming. However figuring all of this out is simplified when you take into account that the menagerie of types begins with three major paradigms: prose, poetry, and drama. Prose Prose is derived from a Latin root word, prosa, that means â€Å"straightforward†(other scholars argue that the root for â€Å"prose†is proversa oratio, which means †straightforward discourse. †Prose is generally defined as direct, common language presented in a straightforward manner. A victim of identity by negation, prose is frequently defined as â€Å"that which is not poetry. Prose demonstrates purposeful grammatic design in that it is constructed strategically by the author to create specific meaning. Prose also contains plot and the attendant narrative structures of plot. In most cultures, prose narrative tends to appear after a culture has developed verse. Prosegenres are many and varied, ranging from science fiction to romance. The major generic divisions of prose are: * novel – A lengthy fictional prose narrative. * novella – A fictional prose narrative ranging from 50 to 100 pages, most common in science fiction and detective fiction. * short story – a brief fictional prose narrative. anecdote – A very brief account of some interesting, usually humorous, event. Poetry Poetry, from the Greek poetes which means â€Å"doer†or â€Å"creator,†is a catch-all term that is applied to any form of rhythmical or metrical composition. While poetry is considered to be a subset of verse (and also considered to be superior to verse) both are rhythmical/metrical. What distinguishes poetry from verse is its â€Å"imaginative quality, intricate structure, serious or lofty subject matter, or noble purpose. †Most culture's first serious literary works are poetry (In Western tradition, we need look only as far as Homer and Hesiod).The purposes of poetry are said to include: 1. A didactic purpose , meaning that it aims to instruct the reader. 2. Unique insight that is not available in other genres. 3. To provide pleasure to the reader. 4. To uplift the reader to some higher insight or meaning. Drama Drama, is simply a work that is written to be performed on stage by actors. From the Greekdran, meaning â€Å"to do,†drama is thought to have developed from ancient religious ceremonies. For instance, Greek comedy is traced to ancient fertility rites. Tragedy (which comes from the Greek word Philippine Literature Literature (from Latin litterae (plural); letter) is the art of written work and can, in some circumstances, refer exclusively to published sources. The wordliterature literally means â€Å"things made from letters†and the pars pro toto term â€Å"letters† is sometimes used to signify â€Å"literature,†as in the figures of speech†arts and letters†and â€Å"man of letters. †Literature is commonly classified as having two major formsâ€â€fiction and non-fictionâ€â€and two major techniquesâ€â€poetry and prose.Literature may consist of texts based on factual information (journalistic or non-fiction), as well as on original imagination, such as polemical works as well asautobiography, and reflective essays as well as belles-lettres. Literature can be classified according to historical periods, genres, and political influences. The concept of genre, which earlier was limited, has broadened over the centuries. A genre consists of artistic works which fall within a certain central theme, and examples of genre include romance, mystery, crime, fantasy, erotica, and adventure, among others.Important historical periods in English literature includeOld English, Middle English, the Renaissance, the 17th Century Shakespearean and Elizabethan times, the 18th Century Restoration, 19th Century Victorian, and 20th Century Modernism. Important political movements that have influenced literature include feminism, post-colonialism, psychoanalysis, post-structuralism, post-modernism, romanticism, and Marxism. Literature's three main divisions When most people speak of literature they may be talking about short stories, novels, poems, verse, odes, plays, tragedies, even limericks.This wide variety of terms describing types of literature, at first, appears overwhelming. However figuring all of this out is simplified when you take into account that the menagerie of types begins with three major paradigms: prose, poetry, and drama. Prose Prose is derived from a Latin root word, prosa, that means â€Å"straightforward†(other scholars argue that the root for â€Å"prose†is proversa oratio, which means †straightforward discourse. †Prose is generally defined as direct, common language presented in a straightforward manner. A victim of identity by negation, prose is frequently defined as â€Å"that which is not poetry. Prose demonstrates purposeful grammatic design in that it is constructed strategically by the author to create specific meaning. Prose also contains plot and the attendant narrative structures of plot. In most cultures, prose narrative tends to appear after a culture has developed verse. Prosegenres are many and varied, ranging from science fiction to romance. The major generic divisions of prose are: * novel – A lengthy fictional prose narrative. * novella – A fictional prose narrative ranging from 50 to 100 pages, most common in science fiction and detective fiction. * short story – a brief fictional prose narrative. anecdote – A very brief account of some interesting, usually humorous, event. Poetry Poetry, from the Greek poetes which means â€Å"doer†or â€Å"creator,†is a catch-all term that is applied to any form of rhythmical or metrical composition. While poetry is considered to be a subset of verse (and also considered to be superior to verse) both are rhythmical/metrical. What distinguishes poetry from verse is its â€Å"imaginative quality, intricate structure, serious or lofty subject matter, or noble purpose. †Most culture's first serious literary works are poetry (In Western tradition, we need look only as far as Homer and Hesiod).The purposes of poetry are said to include: 1. A didactic purpose , meaning that it aims to instruct the reader. 2. Unique insight that is not available in other genres. 3. To provide pleasure to the reader. 4. To uplift the reader to some higher insight or meaning. Drama Drama, is simply a work that is written to be performed on stage by actors. From the Greekdran, meaning â€Å"to do,†drama is thought to have developed from ancient religious ceremonies. For instance, Greek comedy is traced to ancient fertility rites. Tragedy (which comes from the Greek word
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Dan Browns Inferno A Bleak Depiction of the Future
Dan Brown’s Inferno, a chillingly grim picture of a potential future, is a wonderful piece of satire. His views on overpopulation take a surgically-precise stand on what statistics predict to be true. In fact, his novel has no thematic connection to Dante’s classic work of the same name; although allusion is made to it, the real topic is overpopulation. The novel depicts a bleak world in the very near future of a human race on the brink of extinction. Furthermore, the dismal predictions he projects of our fragile world seem hell-bent on becoming true. With scintillating wit, he takes on the persona of his characters in intermittent battles between each other full of lies and distrust. He provides startling arguments as Zobrist when†¦show more content†¦In the modernized countries of North America, on the other hand, their carbon footprints would rise sky-high to the same as we use, their life-spans would increase considerably, and they would no longer have to do as much work to support their families. If thought about carefully, one thing may derive to another. After thinking about it, this may seem horrible. The ethical ramifications of this are enormous. It makes us seem conceited, lazy, and opposed to our own established values of helping other people. It also makes us seem selfish; for example â€Å"How come we can have and do these things, but those poor unprivileged people begging for a penny, who we think below us, cannot?†People may call those like Zuckerman racist for these reasons, but he argues against it. He rightly claims that it is no longer the fault of the high fertility of American women alone: it is also caused by the massive over-immigration ravaging our planet. This does not justify it, but offers some form of explanation for his other statements. Even worse, according to U.N statistics, the next forty years will not only witness the immense growth curve displayed in Inferno, it will also watch the world’s population growth come from more people over the age of 60 so much that more than half of the populat ion growth will be derived from those said people. Only 6% of people conventionally believed to be â€Å"at their
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