The Assassination Of Jesse James - 2245 Words

Achievement Standard English 91479: Develop an informed understanding of literature and/or language using critical texts. Film: The Assassination of Jesse James by the coward Robert Ford by Andrew Dominik. Hypothesis: This film can be viewed from many perspectives. Introduction: The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, was directed by Andrew Dominik and released in 2007. In the film, Jesse James is played by Brad Pitt and Robert Ford is played by Casey Affleck. This film is based on the true life story of Jesse James. The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, can be interpreted in multiple ways. With three of the most common perceptions being a normal viewing perspective, a psychological†¦show more content†¦That quote alone shows how obvious and desperate Robert was to be Jesse, even Jesse figured it out. Ironically, at the end of the film Robert starts acting superior due to him killing Jesse. He goes to the extent of replaying his murder in theatre style to get even more publicity. Robert openly admits in the film that he replayed the killing of Jesse over 800 times. Robert starts to get big headed and boasts about it. At the end of the film Robert overhears someone calling him a coward, he rebuts and has a break down, screaming until he is dragged out of the pub. Later on he is in different pub and someone walks in with a shotgun and executes him. Ironically he gets killed in similar circumstances as Jesse. The author of the review describes the film as a melancholy exploration of fame, idol worship, violence, anger, public perception, obsession and more. Mainly all of those feelings pointed towards Roberts envy of Jesse. The author absolutely loves the film even though it has a huge screening time. â€Å"Over 2 and a half hours is too much for some, but if you persevere it is worth it†, said Peter. Dominik used the best of the best when it came to music directors and cinematic language. â€Å"They really made the film special†. Reliability - This review of The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, by Sequart.org is a very comprehensive film reveiw. The review isShow MoreRelatedJesse, By Robert Ford791 Words   |  4 PagesJesse was born on September 5, 1847 in Kearney, Missouri. He lived all the way up to April 3, 1882. He was assassinated by Robert Ford. Robert Ford shot Jesse in the back of the head while he was turned around to fix a picture on the wall. Robert Ford was one of the members in the gang. Jesse lived to be a bank robber best known as the leading member of the James-Younger gang of outlaws. He and his brother Frank served in the Confederate Army. They were both 16 when they became Confederate guerrillaRead MoreAssassinations : Assassinations And Assassinations854 Words   |  4 Pages Assassinations Student Name Institution â€Æ' Assassinations An assassination refers to the action of killing a person secretly or suddenly. The term is often used in regard to the killing of prominent people mainly due strong political differences and ambitions. The killing is usually deliberate and ‘hit men’ are used to accomplish the job. Hit men refer to persons who are employed to kill. Assassinations have not surfaced recently but they have been carried out for a long time in the past. EarlyRead MoreThe Truman Show vs Rear Window Essay1695 Words   |  7 Pagesseen,’ (Nichols: 1985, p.18). For example, The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2007) we see Robert Fords idolises Jesse intensely, as if he wants to pull on his boots in the morning. This movie describes Ford’s time in Jesse’s orbit as a series of abject disappointments and humiliations, mostly of his own accord. And as the film unwinds slowly, Roberts pinched and wretched narcissism is revealed, showing that the assassination was Ford’s tragedy as well as Jesse’s. An infamousRead MoreCivil Rights And Political Ideas1679 Words   |  7 PagesLeading Us Jesse Jackson Intro In the 1940s, life in the south was challenging for Americans of color. Segregation was only getting worse and hopes and dreams of getting away were dying. The physical act of slavery was over but ideally no one had let it go just yet. White Americans believed that the world was supposed to be this way, they were and always would be superior to those of color, and they showed it in any way possible. Growing up during these times may seem impossible for children ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Django Unchained 1313 Words   |  6 Pagesone example being previously cited in this volume: the narrative of Jesse James and his death at the hands of Bob Ford. Autry-logic shames Bob Ford for violating the First Commandment while labeling James as a victim, despite the fact that he was an outlaw (this labeling is allowed because James did pay for his crimes in death). But in the epoch of the Anti-Western, this story takes on new life. In The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2007), we see what Cawelti (1994) describedRead MoreUnited States History Research Project2148 Words   |  9 Pagesrequired to choose an historical figure from the list provided that represented American history. I chose the famous outlaw, Jesse W. James. In my research paper, I’m going into great detail of one’s life, looking beyond what textbooks have to say and addressing both the negative and positive aspects that occurred in Jesse James’ life. If one knew the general idea of who James was, they would automatically assume he was either a really bad person or an historical hero. Many songs, books, and news articlesRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And The American Civil Movement958 Words   |  4 PagesAustin, Ella Baker, James Baldwin, Marion Barry, Daisy Bates, Fay Bellamy Powell, James Bevel, Claude Black, Unita Blackwell, Julian Bond, Amelia Boynton, Anne Braden, Carl Braden, Mary Fair Burks, Stokely Carmichael, Septima Clark, Albert Cleage, Ch arles E. Cobb, Jr., Annie Lee Cooper, Dorothy Cotton, Claudette Colvin, Jonathan Daniels, Annie Devine, Doris Derby, Marian Wright Edelman, Medgar Evers, Myrlie Evers-Williams, James L. Farmer, Jr., Karl Fleming, Sarah Mae Flemming, James Forman, FrankieRead MoreMilitary Industrial Complex During The Farewell Speech1710 Words   |  7 Pagescontractors. Former Texas Senator Ralph Yarborough in 1991 stated: Had Kennedy lived, I think we would have had no Vietnam War, with all of its traumatic and divisive influences in America. I think we would have escaped that. According to author James Douglass, Kennedy was assassinated because he was turning away from the Cold War and seeking a negotiated peace with the Soviet Union. Douglass argued that this was not the kind of leadership the CIA, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the military-industrialRead MoreTHE FORGOTTEN HISTORY OF THE WESTERN CINEMA1400 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican history†, the historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that the epic hero (pioneers) forged and shaped the identity of the American people (Turner). Before becoming a film genre, the Wild West was a topic of literature. From the novels of James Fenimore Cooper (The Last of the Mohicans, 1836) to the development of dime novels in the second half of the nineteenth century, the adventures in the Wild West had already been emerged as a source of entertainment for the public in the East. In theRead MoreHow significant was Martin Luther King’s contribution to the civil rights movement in the years 1956-68?760 Words   |  4 Pagesfollow however people also took his assassination as the point where they stand up and really fight for what they believe in. MLK didn’t always pull of these miracles and get more support and get blacks closer to their goal as there have been a lot of examples where MLK didn’t help or he did and didn’t succeed: one example is where he tried to take the fight north and thought that the struggle in the south would pay dividends however when he left Chicago and left Jesse Jackson in charge people criticized

Leadership Theories, Moral Leadership, And Situational...

As Christoper Reeve (n.d.) once stated, â€Å"At first, dreams seem impossible, then improbable, and eventually†¦inevitable.† Helping students find a path of academic, social and emotional success that leads them to their dreams is ultimately most schools leaders’ goal. However, the traditional hierarchy form of leadership within the school structure is ever changing to meet the demands of our society and learners. Thus, the successful use of one leadership theory is arduous; there really is no right or wrong; just different perspectives. This paper reviews three leadership theories; moral leadership, servant leadership, and situational leadership. I will discuss each theory as a single entity to demonstrate how the theory depicts the leader in relation to the community. I will further examine the roles and characteristics of the teacher leader within each model. Last, this review will identify how I believe these theories are a blended part of my schoolâ⠂¬â„¢s leadership perspectives. Moral Leadership Leadership is defined by Merriam-Webster (n.d) as â€Å"the power or ability to lead other people.† Schools requires great leaders who can effectively lead teachers, students, parents and the community to believe in the standards and expectations of the school in academics and social realms. Moral leadership philosophy is strongly based on creating a foundation for an authentic community in which everyone in the school community is â€Å"connected by common framework and committedShow MoreRelatedLeadership And Its Theory Of Leadership883 Words   |  4 Pages Leadership Leadership has been around for thousands of years, yet experts are still unable to agree on a universal definition. Perhaps it is because leadership is a complex, multidimensional concept that continuously evolves. Nevertheless, explaining leadership and its theories and approaches is a monumental task (Henman, n.d.). According to Day and Antonakis (2012), leadership is essentially an influencing process. Its effectiveness largely depends on leadership behaviors and followers perceptionsRead MoreLeadership Theories and Principles988 Words   |  4 PagesLEADERSHIP THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES I. Introduction Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training and experience. II. Body/Content Leadership theories have emerged through the centuries. They focus on the qualities distinguished between leaders and followers. Others looked atRead MoreChief Kobys Management Style1551 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Effective leaders opt to implement a specific type of leadership style as a result of their personalities and job experiences, and apply it to their organizational structure. However, that particular type of leadership style a leader utilizes may not apply to every job situation (Peak et al., 2010). In order to be an effective leader, an individual must acquire the three basic leadership skills and they are as follows: (1) human relations; (2) conceptual skills; and (3) technical skillsRead MoreLeadership Theories Of President Xi Jinping1894 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscuss of the leadership that president Xi Jinping has been involved. In the beginning, I will give a brief introduction of president Xi Jingping. Secondly, I will discuss what a leadership theory is and how it can help to lead an organization and group. I will focus on discuss two kind of leadership that president Xi has been involved with some example. The two kinds of leadership theories that I will mainly discuss are transactional and transformational theories, and contingency /situational leadershipRead MoreThe Theory Of Leadership Styles903 Words   |  4 Pagesphenomenon of leadership is based upon directing, influencing as well as motivating individuals for the purpose of implementing plans as well as running an organization. Leadership styles vary from person to person and is dependent upon the situations that the leader might be faced with (George, Sims, P. Sims, D., 2007). Basically, the leadership styles have been categorized into six types (i.e. commanding, visionary, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting and coaching leadership styles). All theseRead MoreLeadership Theory, Transformational, And Transactional Theory2421 Words   |  10 Pages Leadership Theories Unit 3 PSF8603 - Management and Leadership Theory Instructor Steven Kline Capella University Ann-Marie Cameron Introduction There are a few leadership theories, but for this research I will only focus on four of these theories. The theories that will be discussed are Situational leadership theory, Contingency theory, Transformational, and Transactional theory. The theory Transformational is pondered by several to be the theory improvement for transactional leadershipRead MoreSituational Leadership Theory, Transformational, And Transactional Theory2386 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction There are a few leadership theories, but for this research I will only on four of these. The theories that will be discussed are Situational leadership theory, Contingency theory, Transformational, and Transactional theory. The theory Transformational is pondered by several to be the theory improvement for transactional leadership theory, and it appears to have a cumulative number of research studies that are supporting the benefits of this theory. So, I will also compare and discussRead MoreEssay on Different Types of Leadership Theories1334 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus on leadership within an organization and how it affects individual and organizational outcomes specifically using four theories including Fielder’s Contingency Model, Hersey and Blanchard situational leadership Model, Path Goal Theory by House and Dessler and finally the Participative Leadership Model by Vroom and Yetton. Leadership is said to be a dynamic interactive process, which involves the four other man agement functions, planning organizing, directing and controlling. Leadership is oneRead MorePersonal Values And Beliefs Regarding Leadership2289 Words   |  10 PagesLeadership â€Å"If you actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader† (John Quincy Adams, as cited in Forbes, 2014, p. 1). A leader is mentor, guiding others to their best. In this paper, I will reflect on my personal values and beliefs regarding leadership. Next, I will discuss a leader in my life that personally resonates with me. I will then discuss the attributes of my chosen leader and relate them to theory on leadership, emotional intelligenceRead MoreThe Case Model Of Leadership1462 Words   |  6 PagesQ1) Given the description of the leadership situation facing the airplane crash survivors described on pages 2-3, how would leader-member exchange (LMX), the normative decision model, the Situational Leadership theory, the contingency model, and the path-goal theory prescribe that a leader should act? Answer) The contingency model of leadership is based upon the relationship between three aspects of leader-follower-situation model. Apart from this contingency model, leaders are assumed to act in

Thousand Splendid Suns Comparison Free Essays

string(82) " and Mariam becomes absolutely petrified, but Laila tries to stand up for Mariam\." It seems that War has found a home in Afghanistan. The people of Afghanistan have seen three decades of Anti-Soviet Jihad, civil war and Taliban tyranny. They have lived through unimaginable horrors and now, their incredible stories of hope and oppression are being told. We will write a custom essay sample on Thousand Splendid Suns Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now In A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini and The Swallows of Kabul by Yasmina Khadra, the women are oppressed by their husbands and society. Mariam is passive and compliant while Zunaira is defiant and angry, yet both suffer the same pain and isolation. Initially, their suffering increases because their anger at being oppressed and tortured is deflected towards the wrong people, people who actually care for them. Through their difficult journeys, their eyes are opened up to the power and beauty of a loving relationship. The loss or gain of such a relationship is the defining factor of whether or not each character finds peace and self-worth. The women in both novels transition from a state of being hopeful to complete desolation due to the oppression in their lives. Initially, Mariam from A Thousand Splendid Suns expresses much hope about attaining a bright future. She wants to pursue an education as she says, â€Å"I mean a real school†¦like in a classroom, like my father’s other kids† (Hosseini, 17). Mariam firmly believes that she can shed her shameful status of a bastard’s child, and as she gets older, she takes strides to make this vision into a reality. Moreover, Mariam is constantly inundated with her mother’s pessimistic ideals about life, but she believes that â€Å"You’re [Mother] are afraid that I might find the happiness you never had. And you don’t want me to be happy. You don’t want a good life for me† (Hosseini, 28). As a result, at first, Mariam is a strong figure with a lively spirit who is able to combat much negativity in her life and continue to dream and hope of a better future. Perhaps, her naivety fosters these hopes and dreams as well. Later, Mariam’s husband, Rasheed successfully crushes her strong spirit. During one of his fierce outbursts, â€Å"he shoved two fingers into her mouth and pried it open, then forced the cold pebbles into it†¦but he kept pushing the pebbles in, his upper lip curled into a sneer† (Hosseini, 104). Mariam is tortured psychologically, physically and her lively spirit is broken. She completely isolates herself from the outside world, and quietly suffers inside her house as â€Å"†¦Mariam was afraid† (Hosseini, 98). She is passive and compliant in the abusive relationship because she abandons all hope, and tries 1 to endure everything that falls upon her. Oppression crushes Mariam’s inner strength and she becomes a walking dead person, confined to her own home. Furthermore, Zunaira from The Swallows of Kabul undergoes a similar transition from a state of hopefulness to desolation. At the beginning, Zunaira is a hopeful person. Her husband, Mohsen, says, â€Å"Her zeal was unmatched, save by the praises heaped upon her. She was a brilliant girl and her beauty lifted every heart† (Khadra, 73). She is extremely passionate about empowering the women in Afghanistan, that she even pursues a career as a magistrate to set an example to rest of her countrymen. Zunaira embodies hope, and positive change in a country devastated by war. Like Mariam, Zunaira’s hopeful spirit sets her up on a high pedestal to fall from. Then, Zunaira is oppressed by the Taliban. She is writhing with anger and hatred when she says, â€Å"†¦the most detestable fact of [my] existence, to the constraint with anger and hatred that even in [my] dreams [I] refuse to accept: the forfeiture of [my] rights† (Khadra, 99). Anger and hatred threatens to rip Zunaira apart because she feels that the Taliban have stripped her off her dignity and humiliated her beyond endurance. Pride is important to Zunaira. Thus, she struggles to control her anger in public when she views the bitter state of her country, how the Taliban have destroyed her pride, hopes and dreams. Unlike Mariam, Zunaira is defiant and angry. Zunaira actually attains her goal of becoming a magistrate, and thus, she experiences a greater sensation of loss. Mariam and Zunaira combat the oppression in different ways but they suffer the same pain and isolation. Oppression induces a negative change in both characters. In addition, the women have coping mechanisms to deal with the sorrow in their lives. Their ability to cope is affected by family members. Mariam remembers her mother’s story, â€Å"where each snowflake was a sigh heaved by an aggrieved woman somewhere in the World. That all the sighs drifted up in the sky, gathered in the clouds, and then broke into tiny pieces†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hosseini, 91). Mariam is submissive in her abusive relationship because her mother has taught her by example, that Afghani women solely have to endure the pain and suffering in their lives. She makes no attempts to change her situation in her marriage because she lives by her mother’s teachings. Perhaps, if Mariam were to stand up for herself or stir up chaos during one of Rasheed’s beatings, Rasheed would not turn to violence against her so easily. Also, Mariam could have searched for alternatives to escape Rasheed before the Taliban implemented the harsh laws. Over the years, Mariam becomes increasingly helpless and miserable under Rasheed’s rule, as she follows the model of her mother’s teachings. Also, she deflects her anger and sorrow 2 towards the wrong people, people who actually care for her. Laila, Rasheed’s younger wife tries to extend a friendship towards Mariam multiple times, but Mariam pushes Laila away. She screams at Laila, â€Å"†¦I have no use for your company†¦You will leave me be and I will return the favour. That’s how we will get on. Those are the rules† (Hosseini, 226). As Mariam pushes Laila farther away, she only becomes a greater target of Rasheed’s abuse because Rasheed tends to beat Mariam when he is angry with Laila. During a beating, Rasheed â€Å"held a belt in his hand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and Mariam becomes absolutely petrified, but Laila tries to stand up for Mariam. You read "Thousand Splendid Suns Comparison" in category "Papers" United, Mariam and Laila are able to stand up to Rasheed and reduce the frequency and severity of Rasheed’s beatings. By rebuffing Laila, Mariam only increases her own pain and suffering. The character’s coping mechanisms seem to only destroy any remaining strands of courage and hope within them. Similarly, in The Swallows of Kabul, Zunaira tries to find a way to cope with the oppression in her life. At the beginning, she tries to forget her own pain and suffering to be strong for her husband. Mohsen, her husband, insists on taking a stroll in the streets of Kabul, and Zunaira refuses to go because she does not want to wear the Burqa. To Zunaira, the Burqa epitomizes the mistreatment and oppression of women in Afghanistan. In the end, Zunaira agrees to go with Mohsen when she says, â€Å"Let’s go out. I’d rather run a thousand risks than to see you so demoralized† (Khadra, 79). Zunaira sacrifices some of her core values to make Mohsen happy, who is her only support system in this World. Though she does not want to lose Mohsen, her ability to cope with the oppression is hindered when she views firsthand the Taliban’s brutality. Similarly, Zunaira’s ability to cope with oppression is negatively impacted by the actions of her family members. Both women’s hopes are crushed, but, Mariam becomes more compliant while a fire is ignited within Zunaira, which threatens to rip her apart. Also, Zunaira shuns her loved one out of her life. When Zunaira refuses to talk to Mohsen and remove her Burqa after the stroll in Kabul, he recounts, â€Å"her anger is so intense that her veil trembles before her agitated breathing and she says, ‘I don’t ever want to see you again, Mohsen Ramat'† (Khadra, 129). At first, Zunaira uses her husband to cope, but later, she targets her fury towards him because she wants him to experience her great feeling of loss. Mohsen is a man, and Zunaira believes that a man will never allow a woman to attain her freedom. Like Mariam, she ends up deteriorating her life further because Mohsen accidentally dies during one of their fights. Thus, Zunaira loses another member of her family to the Taliban. Zunaira is angry, but her actions cause her loved ones to 3 suffer too, unlike Mariam who bottles up her fury and grieves alone. In the end, Mariam and Zunaira’s coping mechanisms only accelerate their feelings of pain and isolation. Finally, the women in both novels undergo a period of self-realization by losing or gaining a loving relationship. Mariam is able to acquire a new found sense of inner strength. Laila and Mariam forge a special sisterly bond that Mariam can turn to for support and strength. Mariam says, â€Å"But, perhaps there were kinder years waiting still. A new life, a life which she would find the blessings that Nana had said a harami like her would never see† (Hosseini, 256). Her sisterly bond induces a positive change in Mariam as she starts to hope again. Mariam’s spirit is rejuvenated, and she finds a newly acquired strength to defeat her oppressor, Rasheed. She frees herself off her primary oppressor for she finds the courage to kill Rasheed. She finds a state of inner peace at last. Also, Mariam finds a new purpose in life. Before Mariam is to be executed, she thinks, â€Å"A Weed. And yet she was leaving the World as a woman who had loved and been loved back†¦a person of consequence at last. No. It was not so bad†¦that she should die this way† (Hosseini, 370). Mariam is resented by her mother, father and husband, but her relationship with Laila and Aziza, Laila’s daughter, redefine her outlook on life. Their love fills a hollow spot within Mariam, and it lessens the pain of living under oppression for decades. As Mariam has loved, she is finally able to shed her status of a arami and gain a new sense of selfworth. She sees the beauty in a loving relationship, and she finally does find peace and selfworth in her life. In The Swallows of Kabul, Zunaira makes an important self-discovery as well. By severing her ties to Mohsen, she attains a form of inner strength. When the Jailer, Atiq, tries to convince her to run away from the jail, she s ays, â€Å"I can’t wait to get out of here, but not in the way you propose† (Khadra, 164). She accepts her fate and is prepared to die. With Mohsen’s accidental death, Zunaira severs all ties to the physical world. She rids herself of all duties and obligations and deserts all of her hopes and dreams. She feels like a free spirit, symbolized by the removal of her Burqa. Her lightness renews her inner strength and now, she feels she can overcome any obstacle in her path, even dying. Though Zunaira attains a sense of inner peace by severing ties to loved ones, Mariam achieves this by finding the beauty in a loving relationship. Like Mariam, Zunaira is willing to die because their newly gained inner strength gives them the power to vanquish all obstacles in their path. Also, her loss of a loving relationship changes her perspective on life. She says to the Jailer, â€Å"We’ve already been killed, all of us, it happened so 4 long ago, we’ve forgotten it† (Khadra, 164). Zunaira realizes that she has lost everything to the Taliban, her family, her dignity, her hopes and dreams. When she sees that she has nothing worth living for anymore, she feels there is nothing more she can lose in this World, and thus, she thinks about life differently. The author does not elaborate about Zunaira’s life after she is freed from the jail, but probably she dies in the near future because she does not have a home to return to. Similarly, Mariam and Zunaira are able to see the power and beauty of a loving relationship. Zunaira leaves behind her pride, and need to feel empowered while Mariam actually gains a new sense of self-worth. For Zunaira, leaving behind all the things attached to her relationship with Mohsen gives her peace. So, each character takes different routes to find peace and self-worth. A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini and The Swallows of Kabul by Yasmina Khadra are both set in war-torn Afghanistan. The women are oppressed by their husbands and society. Then, the coping mechanisms they utilize only increase their pain and suffering. Finally, Mariam and Zunaira make an important self-discovery where they either gain or lose the power and beauty of a loving relationship to find peace and self-worth. Overall, Mariam and Zunaira seem to reverse their roles from the beginning to the end. Mariam is passive at first, but she becomes quite aggressive at the end. While, Zunaira follows the opposite path to achieve inner peace. Millions of women are oppressed around the World, and it seems that love is the critical factor to breaking the cycle of oppression. How to cite Thousand Splendid Suns Comparison, Papers

Marketing Audit Tesco free essay sample

Marketing Audit Tesco Plc Marketing Audit [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Executive Summary This report contains the company overview and details of marketing audit carried on Tesco Plc, which is largest retailer in UK. The marketing audit has covered various important areas that are significant to analyze, indentify and understand the issues and challenges of internal and external environment of the business. Tools used to conduct marketing audit of the Tesco Plc are, marketing mix 4P’s, SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and porter five forces. Introduction Changing marketing scenarios are a challenge for retailers, despite the fact it has captured large share in the market. Tesco PLC has been chosen to perform the marketing audit, as it is largest retailer in UK and having 30% of share in the market (www. guardian. co. uk). Tesco plc is a global marketing and general grocery retailers. It is operating in 14 major countries and employing 500,000 employees worldwide. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Audit Tesco or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is the leading UK-based retailer in terms of global sales and domestic market share. Jack Cohen established this company in 1919 (Tesco Plc, 2012). Tesco Plc is running under six formats in UK, such as Tesco Express, Tesco Extra, Tesco Supermarkets, Tesco Metro, Tesco Home Plus and Tesco One Stop. Altogether Tesco acquires 3000 stores in UK and employing around 300,000 employees and over 60% group sales and profit comes from UK business (Tesco Plc, 2012). Tesco is ranked on third position after the Wal-Mart and Carrefour but on the basis of profit comparison it is considered as the second largest, after Carrefour (www. upermarketnews. com). Tesco is operating extremely well in all its business sectors worldwide, but to grow further as number one global leader, it still needs wide marketing plans and strategies, this reports carries out marketing audit of the company which shows threats and opportunities of internal and external environment. Marketing Mix Neil H Borden in 1964 published the article on marketing mix primarily and thereafter the term became famous and i ntegral part of marketing plan of every organization Chandrasekar, 2010). The firm can create its marketing mix once its target market is defined and that provides competitive advantage to the company. Marketing mix is the blend of product offering, pricing, promotional methods and place or distribution channel that brings specific group of consumers with superior value (Gitman and McDaniel, 2009). In the context of Tesco, entry to China market made them to adapt their culture and norms in order to reach consumers in big china market. But company needed to stick fast with its principles and basic standards set. There would be changes in terms of services with regards to 4p’s but the company cannot deviate to its set standards which are inherent to the company. Product Product is the heart of Marketing mix, of course it is hard to design and decide place, promotion or price and the nature of product plays vital role, when marketing any product or services (Lamb et al, 2012). In case of China, Tesco needs to figure out who the end consumers of the products are, what they are looking for, their existing products are fulfilling customer needs, what they are offering and which product needs to import or make in house to complete the demand of Chinese customers. In order to compete with local retailers and gain more market share, Tesco also needs to provide Chinese based products with and that can be done by developing the Tesco owns brand products which can be marketed strategically within the region of China. PricePrice refers to the amount the customer has to pay in order to buy the goods and services (Chandrasekhar, 2010). Tescos marketing department is responsible for the price charged for the products and that would be based on rivals offering prices and original cost prices of products. They are responsible for the prices of new products introduced and if required revising of prices of old products. In china prices of products differs from UK because of several factors (i. e. cheap labor cost), so rices can’t be same in all countries They also decide whether the price should be reduced to attract more customers and how to alter the cost of the products, which has short life and would be expire soon. The Marketing department also responsible for making the deals and discount offers packages for customers in order to avail maximum profits (Chandrasekar, 2010). Promotion Promotion refers all the activities performed to introduce the product and services among the customers for se lling purpose (Lamb et al, 2012). Many areas are considered before TESCO actually promoting the product, including how to inform customers about their products and services. They also need to know what type of advertising they use and where they can be used to direct the attention of customers and what other ways to apply can promote their products. A good way to do it and get free advertising is to distribute free samples and run the competition of product by selling in cheap prices initially. Promotion of the products can be done easily now days on the internet and through online shopping. Place Place simply refers to point of sale (Chandrasekar, 2010). Another important mix is place, whether the products will sell to the retailers or directly to the end user, through store or online. As TESCO itself is a big retailer and expanded its business worldwide and have thousands of stores. It also needs to open the stores and provide online facility of shopping in low developed areas in order to gain more market share, targeting low income group will enable the company to gain the trust of local and ultimately it will also gain more favor and relaxation from Government of that region (Chandrasekar, 2010). The effective marketing mix leads more customer satisfaction, and what Tesco needs to do, is to understand the needs of customers in target country or region. SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is a fundamental tool in marketing plan that helps to assess Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of any organization (Pahl Richter, 2009). | | |Strengths |Weakness | |Strong brand image |Failure to lead the city center Market | |Market Leader |Lack of Marketing Approaches | |Diversified Business Globally | | |Competent Distribution Channel | | | | | |Opportunities |Threats | |Increasing Demand for private labeled products |Low price supermarket discounting stores. | |Diversifying Market Appeal |Economic conditions | | |New Entrants | Strengths 1. Strong Brand Image Tesco has strong brand image as it is older retailer of UK and established its brand image with the span of time. 2. Market Leader It is ranked as third largest retailer in the world and it puts positive impact on customers. 3. Diversified Business Its worldwide spread business in different countries enhances its strength 4. Competent Distribution Channel Tesco has competitive and well established distribution channels and it is the positive factor for the company Weaknesses 1. Failure to lead the city center Market This is one of the major drawback and weakness that Tesco is failure in leading city center markets. 2. Lack of Marketing Approaches Tesco runs on its established brand image, it has lack of marketing channels and hence approaches, which is also weakness and give chance to other small player to bite its portion of market. Opportunities 1. Increasing Demand for private label products Customer demands various local products, but which would be labeled as Tesco, in order to get the reliability. Local brands are also cheap then international brands and Tesco has opportunity to meet the demands of customer, already it is making its own products in various categories, it should enhance further. 2. Diversifying Market Appeal Tesco has covered still 14 countries and it has the opportunities to grow further in many countries. Threats 1. Low price supermarket discounting stores. Growing of small medium low prices stores are becoming the risk for the company, like Lidl, 99P stores etc to capture some part of market share. 2. Economic Conditions Global Financial crisis also put a bad impact on company’s growth and productivity, so if any economic crisis is expected company needs to be aware and take some precautions and lean down the processes, like cost cutting etc 3. New Entrants New entrants are also the threats, although it is big in size, many new entrants are following new strategies to attract customers , like online purchasing of grocery and fast delivery on end consumer doorstep. Macro Environment The macro environment comprises of a variety of factors, which has a direct or indirect influence on the organization. There are various tools available such as PESTLE, PORTER FIVE FORCES to analyze the factors of external environment, which might have impact on business in terms of threats or opportunities (Stonehouse et al, 2004). PESTLE Analysis According to Bangs (2002) â€Å"Pestle analysis will help to capture understanding about aspects of the context by using the prompts political, economic, sociological, technological, legal and environmental†. A Pestle analysis is vital in the development and the success of Tesco’s in addition to day to day management of each store in line with strategic decisions. It would be hard to take effective and proper decision for the well being of organization if the external factors effecting business are unknown. Factors effecting Tesco are, Political Factor Political factors can be national or international, Many Governments take parts and get involve. For example, Tesco got interruption in coffee supply due to political issues between Britain and Colombia. Political factor is sometimes in favor like UK government has three ruling parties and currently governed by liberal Democratic Party, and all are well structured for the development of the country and that represent good sign and strength for UK (Peter Donnelly, 2002). Economic Factor Economic factor has a huge impact on business, tax increases; fluctuation in stock exchanges can seriously hit the performance and revenue of companies like Tesco Plc. Sociological Factor This factor varies from the change in fashion to the impact on immigration. UK is the country where whole country follows one type of culture and speaks English, and this also gives positive exposure on company’s environment. Technological Factor UK is well developed country and having all sort of IT technologies, which bring advancement in the society (Hall, 2008). New technologies have a great impact on the success of organization, for retailer like Tesco Plc got enormous success from its online shopping platform. According to Wilson Gilligan (2005) to be up to date with this factor would always be productive for company’s business. Legal Factor The changes caused by all external impacts lead to many legal problems Environmental Factor Large Corporation has also environmental concerns and contribute for the well being, like Tesco uses fossil fuel in its transport network and reducing in demand is a major challenge for company. Tesco Plc should consider its external factors in detail and evaluate how their impacts continually change. Porter Five Forces Model Michael E Porter well-known framework, known as the five forces model, helps manager to identify the intensity of rivalry among established companies within an industry, the risk of entry by potential competitors, the bargaining power of buyers, the closeness of substitutes to an industry’s products and bargaining power of suppliers (Hill and Jones, 2008). This model is applied to assess the competitive advantage of the industry. Tesco is operating its retail chain globally and the retail industry competiveness for Tesco Plc is as follows Threats of new entrants Entry of new entrants is low due to high level of barrier, like new companies who wants to enter in retail sector of UK needs large amount of funds to compete with Tesco or other big retailer. Small retailers who opened individual shops of grocery, butcher has least impact on Tesco Plc performance. Rivalry among the existing Players There is huge competition in existing players in retail industry of UK, as Tesco has market share of 30% but still 70% is captured by different companies like Sainsbury’s, Asda , Lidl, Wal-mart etc and all are giving tough challenges to the operations of the company Threat of Substitute Products Threat of substitute is higher, because majority of retailers are offering same kind of products by different brand names and prices. Tesco products have many substitutes offered by other big and small retailers. Bargaining Power of Suppliers There are many retailers in markets and all they need reliable and established suppliers for their operations, hence due to tough competition in retail industry, supplier also take benefit from this, this is also one of the key concern for Tesco Plc Bargaining Power of Buyers Bargaining power of buyers normally doesn’t apply in this industry due to fix shelf prices that is positive aspect for the company Conclusion In recent years UK supermarkets have come under increased scrutiny over their treatment of suppliers, particularly of own-label products, yet the development of strategic supply networks has been an integral part of most supermarket strategies for the past decade. Marketing audit of Tesco Plc has shown marketing mix, internal and external environment factors and what are its effect on company performance. Effective blend of marketing mix variables would satisfy the customer needs and attracts more customers; hence company will ultimately enhance its market share. Internal and External environment of company is evaluated through various tools, which helps organization in proper and right decision making process. References Bangs. D. H (2002), The Marketing Planning Guide, 6th Ed, A Kaplan Professional Company – USA Chandrasekar (2010), Marketing Management – Text and Cases, Mc Graw Hill, India Gitman. L. J, and McDaniel. C (2009),The Future of Business – The Essentials,4th Ed, South- Western Cengage Learning- USA Hall. J (2008), Tesco Curbs its supplier prices, http://www. telegraph. co. uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/2783800/Tes